MADRID (AP) 鈥� More than six years since Catalonia鈥檚 separatist movement took Spain to the brink of rupture, the nation鈥檚 Parliament gave its final approval Thursday to a controversial amnesty for hundreds of secessionists in hopes of putting a definitive end to the traumatic episode.
The legislation was backed by Spain鈥檚 left-wing coalition government, two Catalan separatist parties and other smaller parties. It passed by a vote of 177-172 in the lower house with the conservative Popular Party and far-right Vox opposing it.
The amnesty could benefit former Catalan regional President , who is a fugitive from Spanish law in Belgium after fleeing his country following the failed that he led. It should also help hundreds more, including former government officials in Barcelona, who participated in the secession attempt or protests, and some police officers involved in the crackdown on an illegal independence referendum held by Puigdemont鈥檚 government.
The passing of the amnesty law, however, does not immediately clear up the legal mess of the separatists.
The law is likely to face legal challenges and will be reviewed by higher courts. It also must be applied by courts on a case-by-case basis. There are experts who question its constitutionality since they say it would create inequality between Spanish citizens by favoring some over others.
Since taking power in 2018, Spanish Prime Minister has focused on reducing tensions in northeast Catalonia and he argues the amnesty is key to culminating that process.
But the amnesty was also a political necessity for S谩nchez, who agreed to the act of pardon when he needed the support of separatist lawmakers in Madrid to form a in November. It was by the Parliament's lower house in March. The Senate, where right-wing parties hold a majority, vetoed it earlier this month, but the lower house pushed it through regardless.
Tensions ran high in the chamber on Thursday. The vote was by roll call with each lawmaker standing up to vote verbally. An opposition lawmaker shouted 鈥渢raitor!鈥� at S谩nchez after he stood up to vote 鈥測es.鈥�
鈥淚n politics, like in life, forgiveness is more powerful than resentment,鈥� S谩nchez wrote on social platform X after the vote. 鈥淭oday Spain is more prosperous and more united than in 2017. Living in harmony is the way forward.鈥�
The Parliament's session had already taken a nasty turn during the debate when Socialist spokesman Artemi Rallo was interrupted by a Vox lawmaker who shouted out several times calling him a 鈥渟ellout鈥� and 鈥渃orrupt.鈥�
鈥淓urope, Spain and Catalonia have said 鈥榶es鈥� to the amnesty,鈥� Rallo shot back. He was referring to the endorsement of the amnesty law by the Council of Europe, a non-European Union institution that promotes human rights.
While the amnesty is popular in Catalonia, even among many unionists, the Popular Party and Vox have led protests against it in Madrid and other cities across the country. There have also been critics of the amnesty within S谩nchez's Socialist party.
Popular Party leader Alberto N煤帽ez Feij贸o tried to shame the Socialists for granting the amnesty in exchange for 鈥渟even votes鈥� of Puigdemont鈥檚 party that it needed to stay in power. He also warned S谩nchez that once it is passed, he should expect little favors from the separatists, whose support is key to keep his fragile government in power.
鈥淭his is an exchange of power for privileges and impunity,鈥� Feij贸o said.
The long legislative road for the amnesty comes to an end during the runup to European Parliament elections on June 6-9 and with support for the separatists' cause fading in Catalonia.
The amnesty covered crimes related to the Catalan independence movement between November 2011 and November 2023. The government estimates that several hundred people could be covered, while the separatists put that figure in the thousands.
After S谩nchez of the movement in 2021 who were in prison, there appear to be no separatists currently behind bars. But many face possible prison terms, fines, prohibitions from running for public office or potential trials.
The parliamentary spokespeople for the Catalan parties had no words of gratitude for S谩nchez and his government. Instead, they praised their followers and former leaders who spent time in prison and those who left the country like Puigdemont.
鈥淭oday truly is a historic day. Today there is no forgiveness. Today a battle has been won in a conflict that has existed for centuries between two nations,鈥� said M铆riam Nogueras, of Puigdemont鈥檚 Together party.
They also insisted that the next goal for the separatists will be to try to force S谩nchez to go back on his pledge to never grant them an authorized referendum on independence.
Gabriel Ruf铆an, a lawmaker of the Republican Left of Catalonia, told lawmakers, 鈥淣ext stop: referendum.鈥�
Voters in Catalonia, however, have backed the Socialists鈥� policies toward reconciliation.
S谩nchez鈥檚 party in a regional elections held earlier this month and is trying to form a new government in Barcelona. If the Socialists take power, the separatists would lose their hold on power for the first time since the began their push to carve out a new Mediterranean state.
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Joseph Wilson reported from Barcelona, Spain.
Joseph Wilson And Teresa Medrano, The Associated Press
