BEIJING (AP) 鈥� Take an informal survey of elite American Alpine skiers and snowboarders, and most can name an organization that exposes Black and Hispanic children from urban areas to winter sports.
Whether it鈥檚 on indoor halfpipes in New Jersey, or the Rocky Mountain slopes of Colorado and Wyoming, there seem to be plenty of programs aimed at developing a diverse new generation of skiers and snowboarders.
So where are the Black and Hispanic American athletes at the Winter Olympics?
The U.S. Alpine skiing team in Beijing is entirely white. The U.S. snowboarders and freestyle skiers include Asian American riders, but none who are Black or Hispanic.
鈥淚t鈥檚 incredibly unfortunate,鈥� said Ryan Cochran-Siegle, an American silver medalist in super-G at Beijing. 鈥淲e all want to figure out ways to close those gaps between different minorities and their access to skiing.鈥�
The past and present of the alpine sports are both working against that goal. White and elitist, they were born in the mountains of Europe, and are flourishing for the most part in mountain communities without a lot of racial or ethnic diversity.
Then there is the cost: A single day of skiing can cost $100 or more, not including travel and equipment rental; owning your own gear costs even more. Wealth and easy access to resorts make a significant difference in one鈥檚 ability to progress from recreation-level participation to an Olympic path.
It鈥檚 one reason why few who make it to the Olympics are first-generation skiers, said Bode Miller, whose six Olympic Alpine medals are the most for any American skier.
鈥淚f your family didn鈥檛 ski, or you weren鈥檛 exposed to it through your upbringing, it鈥檚 just very unusual,鈥� Miller said. 鈥淵our friends have to kind of push you into it.鈥�
The solution to the lack of diversity in skiing and snowboarding, according to Miller and others, is creating access to the slopes for underserved communities.
鈥淎ccessibility (splits into) subcategories of financial accessibility, geographic accessibility and cultural accessibility,鈥� said Miller, who is part of a group working to build indoor skiing facilities across the United States.
Advocates say the kind of two-day-a-week programs that create space on the snow for Black and Hispanic children are making a difference. But not enough so yet to be seen at the Olympics.
A young athlete's chances of making an Olympic team increase significantly with intensive training at elite boarding schools or academies that can cost of tens of thousands of dollars.
But Schone Malliet, a Black CEO and founder of Winter4Kids, a nonprofit that makes winter sports accessible to New York-area schoolkids, says programs like his are about much more than training elite athletes.
鈥淲hen you see these kids out here, and they鈥檙e in awe of what they see on a mountain and when they fall and get up and they keep going? That鈥檚 the deal,鈥� Malliet said. 鈥淭hey change their whole perspective on their lives. Forget about skiing, snowboarding or cross-country, but just building the idea that, 鈥橧 can fall down and get up.'"
Racial diversity is still a novelty across most winter sports, not just skiing and snowboarding.
In Beijing, there is competing for any nation. On Sunday, American Erin Jackson became the in speedskating. In other events, a small number of Black and Hispanic athletes compete with longshot chances at medals.
There are, in fact, some people of color competing in ski events at the Beijing Olympics. They are from -- Ghana, Nigeria, Eritrea, Jamaica. Haiti sent skier Richardson Viano to China as its .
Jean-Pierre Roy, president of the Haiti Ski Federation, who was on hand Sunday to watch Viano ski in the giant slalom, skied in world championship races but said Haitians鈥� interest in the sport has taken off with Viano鈥檚 pioneering participation.
鈥淭here have to be dreams,鈥� he said. 鈥淲ithout dreams there is no progress.鈥�
Like Viano, who learned to ski in France after he was adopted by a French family, most of the African and Caribbean participants in the Games either trained or lived in countries with ski slopes and training facilities.
Sophie Goldschmidt, head of U.S. Skiing, said inclusion is a core value for her organization, but acknowledges the barriers to progress on skier diversity.
鈥淲hether it鈥檚 sort of 小蓝视频 cost prohibitive or just exclusive for other reasons, it鈥檚 something that I鈥檓 keen to change,鈥� she said.
A 2021 audit of diversity, equity and inclusion of U.S. Skiing revealed the organization is almost entirely white. Just 1% of the organization鈥檚 staff identified as people of color, while all of its coaches and board members were white.
Seba Johnson first saw skiing on a tiny black and white TV in the housing project where she lived in Fredericksted, on the island of St Croix. She was awed. Seeing it in person at the age of 5 convinced her she wanted to be a ski racer.
Nine years later, Johnson broke barriers during the 1988 Calgary Games, becoming the first Black woman to ski in a Winter Games, and at 14, the youngest. She relied on support from ski equipment companies, celebrities and other donors, and even then was able to spend far less time training than her competitors.
鈥淣o one should have to beg for an opportunity to do what their heart desires,鈥� Johnson, 48, said in an interview.
Although she competed at subsequent Olympics, representing the U.S. Virgin Islands, there wasn鈥檛 another Black woman in an Olympic Alpine ski event until 30 years later, when Kenya's Sabrina Simader skied in the 2018 Games at Pyeongchang.
She called it 鈥渉eartbreaking鈥� that Black representation in skiing hasn鈥檛 improved.
Alaska-born Andre Horton became the first Black man on the U.S. ski team in 2001, although he never competed at an Olympics.
Another Black skier introduced Horton to the National Brotherhood of Skiers, a Black-led organization advocating for greater representation in winter sports. The group鈥檚 convention in Aspen, Colorado, was the first time Horton saw large numbers of other skiers who looked like him. He said other attendees were awed by the sight of him in his national ski team uniform.
Horton recalls sharing a chairlift ride that day with a 70-year-old Black woman, who drove home how important Black representation is for the sport.
鈥淪he said, 鈥榃hen I was your age, I wasn鈥檛 allowed to ski.鈥欌��
That鈥檚 exactly why the National Brotherhood of Skiers exists, says its president, Henri Rivers. It aims to clear racial and social barriers for Black athletes so they can focus on excelling in winter sports.
Even then, the Black and Hispanic skiers coming through the pipeline aren't ready to compete for spots on an Olympic team. They鈥檇 do better if the greater ski community embraced them and saw them as the future of the sport, Rivers said.
鈥淭hey don鈥檛 even realize how many different obstacles are 小蓝视频 put in their way to slow their progress."
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Associated Press writers Howard Fendrich, Pat Graham and John Leicester contributed. New York-based journalist Aaron Morrison is a member of the AP鈥檚 Race and Ethnicity team on assignment at the Beijing Olympics. Follow him on Twitter at .
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Aaron Morrison, The Associated Press
